Pug Skin Problems: 5 Tips for Soothing & Comfort

Those big eyes. That sweetly wrinkled brow. The curly tail. There are few dog breeds as recognizable, or as beloved as the Pug.

The Pug breed can be traced back 2,000 years, when they were bred as pets to royalty in ancient China. Over time, these little dogs with human-like expressions were gifted to diplomats and made their way over to Europe. The Pug craze hasn’t settled down much since. According to the Royal Veterinary College at the University of London, there was a 500% increase in UK Kennel Club registrations for Pugs from 2005 to 2017 alone.

However, many of the distinct physical characteristics of the Pug can also lead to Pug skin problems, and more. Famously, their flat or brachycephalic face is likely to result in breathing issues. A Pug’s looser skin also needs special care.

“Pugs are one of my absolute favorite breeds, but new research from the Royal Veterinary College (RCV) in London found that Pugs are almost twice as likely to experience one or more disorders than all other dogs,” says Natalie Marks, DVM, small animal veterinarian and president of MarksDVMConsulting.

In a study led by the RVC’s VetCompass programme the health of 4,308 Pugs were compared to that of 21,835 non-Pugs. Pugs were found to be 1.9 times as likely to have a health condition in a single year compared to non-Pugs. While Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome was the most common condition, with Pugs recorded as being almost 54 times more likely to have the condition, skinfold infections also topped the list at “11 times more likely.”

“Pugs are at higher risk of narrowing of nostrils, obstructive airway syndrome, ulcers on the surface of the eye, infections in the skin folds of the face, ear infections, allergies, retained baby teeth, and obesity,” says Marks. Allergic skin disorder and demodectic mange came in at 5.9 times more likely and 5.6 times, respectively.

Understanding Pug Skin Problems

One of the ways the Pug has developed its unique face shape over the centuries is through what breeders would call a “foreshortened muzzle.” However, while the Pug muzzle and forehead may be short, the skin that covers it is not, giving the Pug its distinctive wrinkles, known in the medical world as “skin folds.”

While we humans may love smooshing those wrinkles, they come with special needs for care. Let’s look into some of the most common Pug skin problems.

Pug Skin Fold Dermatitis

Skin fold dermatitis occurs when the skin inside of folds is irritated by hairs and other skin rubbing together. This irritation can be furthered by the accumulation of skin secretions, causing skin infections.

“Pugs are often considered the poster child for skin issues,” says Dr. Gavin Casper, Managing Veterinarian of General Practice at Hometown Animal Hospital in Weston, Florida. “Partially due to genetics, and partially due to confirmation, their wrinkles and short faces harbor moisture and create an ideal environment for bacteria, yeast, and allergens to accumulate, leading to skin infections.”

It’s important to visit your veterinarian when those first signs of itching occur. This could be as Pug skin fold dermatitis is a likely culprit.

A Pug lying in a grassy garden, looking directly at the camera with a calm and content expression.

Pug Skin Allergies

Itchiness is the most common sign of Pug skin allergies. Other signs can include skin irritation, rashes, hot spots and hair loss. However, ear infections, especially recurring ones, may also point to an allergy issue.

Pug allergies can be caused by the environment or food. Just like with people, Pug environmental allergies can come from a variety of common triggers. Food allergies are usually linked to a certain type of protein. “The most common causes of these signs include environmental allergens, such as mites or weeds, food allergies to proteins such as chicken or beef, or atopic dermatitis which is dry and inflamed skin, similar to eczema in us humans,” says Casper.

Based on your Pug’s symptoms, your vet may suggest a serum test or intradermal skin test to diagnose environmental allergies. Hypoallergenic shots can then be administered, containing small amounts of the allergen. When food allergies are the likely culprit, your vet may recommend a novel or hydrolyzed protein diet until symptoms go away. Foods can then usually be reintroduced one at a time to identify the problem protein.

Pug Skin Infections

Pugs with skin dermatitis commonly end up with skin infections. The constant low-grade skin irritation leads to inflammation; This creates a near-perfect environment for an infection to occur, known as Skin Fold Pyoderma. Common sites of Pug skin infections include the base of the tail, the face, and the vulva of a female Pug.

The first signs of these infections are usually itching, rubbing, or chewing, says Casper. “All these forms of pruritus, or itching, can lead to the second most common sign, redness and inflammation of the skin.”

Your vet may recommend hydrocortisone wipes to reduce inflammation, as well as medicated shampoos or creams.

Pug Skin Tags and Skin Bumps

Skin tags are small growths on your dog’s skin, made up of fibrous tissue that has become overactive. It is typical to find skin tags on areas of the body that experience more friction. Such as, you guessed it, skin folds! If you identify a skin tag on your Pug, it is a good idea to monitor it for signs of irritation and infection and see your vet if you notice any changes.

Pug skin bumps, aka pimples, can also be an issue. They most commonly come from hormone fluctuations, contact irritation from bowls, and a general need for increased facial hygiene. Your vet will recommend a wipe or cream if further treatment is needed.

Pug Skin Cancer

When it comes to your Pug, skin cancer should always be on your checklist with your vet. Pug skin is prone to inflammatory disorders, however distinguishing a tumor from an inflammatory disease can sometimes be difficult. Tumors are usually seen as lumps or bumps, but they also look like hairless, discolored patches, rashes, or nonhealing ulcers. Leave tumor identification to your veterinarian.

Tumors can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors do not spread to other areas of the body while malignant tumors can invade surrounding tissue and spread. Your veterinarian can use specialized equipment to perform a fine needle aspiration of cells or a biopsy for evaluation.

Treatment for a particular tumor depends on the type of tumor, where it is located, and how big it is. Often benign tumors can be left untreated as long as the dog’s movement is not impeded in any way.

Black Spots on Pug Skin

Black spots are also called hyperpigmentation. With the color change also comes rough, thick, or hairless skin. All of this is often caused by some underlying issues that Pugs are already prone to including: allergies, contact dermatitis, and skin infections with inflammation leading to an overproduction of melanin.

If your Pugs skin is turning black, the spot will fade after the underlying cause (such as a bacterial or yeast infection) is treated by your vet.

A Pug standing on a bed of dry leaves in a natural setting, looking slightly curious or concerned.

5 Tips for Soothing & Comforting Pug Skin Problems

The question remains, how to treat Pug skin problems? Being aware of the prevalence of skin problems in Pugs is half the battle. With the help of your veterinarian and lots of TLC, Pug parents can do a lot to keep their best friend’s skin healthy.

Regular Veterinary Checkups

Making sure a Pug is seen for preventive checkups is one of the most important steps any pet parent can take. “Pug’s parents must be proactive, watch for early signs of disease at home, and continue with regular wellness exams and bloodwork screening,” says Marks.

Veterinarians who care for Pugs will be on the lookout for signs of skin problems. Be sure to point out any common signs or symptoms you may see, including itchiness, skin tags, hot spots, and more. “Pug parents should watch for signs of difficulty breathing, squinting or rubbing at the eyes, redness, hair loss and/or odor from the facial folds and ears, chronic itching or licking feet, weight gain, and having extra teeth in the mouth,” Marks adds.

One important way to prepare for a veterinary visit is to take pictures of any change you notice in your Pug’s skin so you are able to illustrate to your vet the progression of the issue over time.

Bathing with Hypoallergenic Shampoo

Medicated shampoos and hypoallergenic shampoos are commonly recommended for dogs with sensitive skin. If you are using a medicated shampoo, specifically prescribed by your veterinarian, ask them about application instructions. A prolonged contact time is often needed. It is also very important to rinse your dog thoroughly.

Avoiding Allergens

When it comes to the treatment and prevention of allergies, know that you are playing the long game. Environmental allergies require long-term management and regular veterinary examinations. While immunotherapy may be a great option, managing allergies will likely require additional actions such as cleaning your house more. This will help to eliminate the offending allergen, using baths, wipes and ointments at your vet’s recommendation, and keeping a close eye on your Pug’s skin.

If dietary allergies are the issue and you are working on a food plan with your veterinarian, pay special attention to treats, table scraps, and even toothpaste! Your dog should only eat the food and treats recommended by your veterinarian. It may also be helpful to know that the foods dogs are most often allergic to include beef, chicken, eggs, corn, wheat, soy, and milk. Once the allergens are identified, strict avoidance will do the trick.

Regular Cleaning of Wrinkles and Folds

“Regular cleaning and wiping of all folds or wrinkles with medicated wipes prescribed by a veterinarian can drastically maintain or improve skin health,” says Casper. “These wipes may include drying agents or antimicrobial compounds that can keep the skin healthy and treat active infections.” Wiping between your Pug’s wrinkles includes separating the skin fold and gently wiping inside the fold, as this skin may be more sensitive.

“Prevention is the best approach to treating Pug skin issues,” says Casper.

Providing a Comfortable Living Environment

A recent study found that living environment can have an impact on the skin health of dogs. Especially for those living in urban environments, to clean their dogs’ coats from pollutants and microbes. With that comes the availability of soft, clean bedding, clean bowls, and lots of love!

Final Thoughts on Pug Skin Issues

Pugs are popular for so many reasons: their friendly personalities, their compact size, and of course, their looks. Responsible Pug owners know that this wonderful breed requires specialized care when it comes to their skin, nose, and more. By grooming your Pug regularly and paying special attention to skin care instructions given by your vet, you can keep your Pug comfortable, healthy, and free to charm everyone they meet.