Key facts:
- Winter allergies in dogs are extremely common.
- Dust mites, mold spores, and pet dander are common indoor allergens that become more concentrated in winter.
- Winter’s cold air combined with dry indoor heating can dry out a dog’s skin, leading to itchiness and irritation.
- Dogs may start excessively licking their paws, rubbing their face on furniture, or head shaking.
- Certain breeds are more prone to winter allergies.
As temperatures drop and we snuggle up indoors, our dogs also spend more time inside—unfortunately, this change in environment can bring on seasonal allergies. Much like humans, dogs can experience seasonal allergies during different times of the year, with winter being particularly challenging due to the unique allergens present indoors.
Winter-specific allergens often become more prevalent, leading to uncomfortable symptoms in dogs who are more sensitive.
What Causes Winter Allergies in Dogs?
Dogs can have allergies for several reasons. They occur when their immune system overreacts to certain substances, known as allergens, which can be found in their environment, food, or even on their skin.
Winter allergies in dogs are primarily triggered by indoor allergens and environmental factors specific to the season. Here are the main culprits behind winter allergies:
Indoor Allergens
As dogs spend more time indoors, they’re exposed to allergens that linger in enclosed spaces. Common winter allergens include:
- Dust mites
- Mold spores
- Pet dander
These allergens tend to build up when windows are closed, and ventilation is limited.
Environmental Factors
Winter brings colder air and often drier indoor conditions due to heating systems. This combination can dry out a dog’s skin, making them more susceptible to itchiness and irritation. The change in temperature and humidity levels can also exacerbate any pre-existing skin conditions.
Overactive Immune System
The immune system is the body’s defense against harmful substances. In winter, temperature changes, limited sunlight exposure, and reduced outdoor activity can weaken a dog’s immune response, especially in older dogs or those with pre-existing health conditions. A weakened immune system can become dysregulated, which can lead to heightened sensitivity and stronger reactions to normally harmless substances like dust and mold.
Cold weather itself can be an added stressor, and without a robust immune system, a dog’s body may overreact to allergens that it would otherwise tolerate, leading to slower wound healing and diminished resilience to infection. Supporting immune health through diet, exercise, and regular vet check-ups can help ensure a dog’s immune system stays resilient throughout the winter season.
Dietary Factors
A dog’s diet plays a significant role in their overall health, including how well their body can handle allergens. If a dog’s diet lacks essential nutrients, it can compromise their health, skin, and make them more susceptible to environmental triggers.
For example, a diet lacking antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals can hinder a dog’s ability to repair and maintain a healthy skin barrier, leaving them vulnerable to allergens that penetrate the skin.
Maintaining a balanced, nutrient-rich diet with plenty of fresh, high-quality ingredients helps support their immune response and keeps their skin resilient against winter’s harsh conditions.
It’s important to choose a diet that is WSAVA-compliant or AAFCO-certified to ensure that it is complete and balanced to contain all the nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that your dog needs. Ask your vet if prescription skin health diets may be recommended.
Symptoms of Winter Allergies in Dogs
Winter allergies can manifest in various ways, and being aware of these signs can help you recognize them early on:
- Red, dry skin
- Itchy skin (pruritus)
- Scratching
- Biting
- Paw licking
- Licking other areas of the body
- Hair loss
- Rubbing their face on furniture
- Head shaking more often
- Skin lesions such as pustules (pimples), sores, crusts, and scabs
- Recurrent skin or ear infections
- Sneezing
- Coughing
- Nasal discharge
Why Are Dog Allergies Worse in Winter?
Winter can intensify allergy symptoms in some dogs, leaving them feeling unhappy, restless, and uncomfortable. As they spend less time outside, your dog is exposed to less fresh air, which can exacerbate the discomfort associated with indoor allergens.
Certain breeds, especially those prone to skin conditions like Bulldogs, Pugs, and Terriers, may experience worse symptoms due to their predisposition to sensitivities. Likewise, dogs with existing conditions such as dermatitis may find that winter exacerbates their symptoms.
Alternatively, dogs with other types of seasonal allergies (such as pollen or grass) may feel better during the wintertime. Those with food allergies will likely have consistent symptoms year-round.
How Do I Know if My Dog Has Winter Allergies?
If you suspect that your dog is suffering from winter allergies, visiting a veterinarian is essential. Here’s what to expect during the evaluation:
- Veterinary Evaluation: The vet will start with a thorough physical examination, checking for any visible signs of allergy-related skin or respiratory issues. Sharing your observations, such as any behavioral changes or specific symptoms, can help with the diagnosis.
- Testing Options: Your vet may recommend several skin tests, such as skin scrape, cytology, or culture, to rule out other common causes of skin conditions like infection or parasites. Testing for specific allergens may involve intradermal or blood testing or an elimination diet trial in the case of food allergies. In some cases, blood tests to rule out systemic disease, such as hypothyroidism, may be recommended.
Common Treatments for Winter Allergies in Dogs
There are various treatments available to help manage winter allergies and relieve your dog’s discomfort. Here are some of the most effective options:
Topical Solutions
Medicated shampoos, ointments, wipes, and anti-itch sprays can provide relief for irritated skin. Moisturizing sprays and balms can also help combat dry skin, keeping the coat hydrated and reducing the urge to scratch.
Medications
Antihistamines, corticosteroids, or newer and highly effective medications such as Apoquel or Cytopoint may be prescribed to reduce allergic reactions, itchy skin, and inflammation. In some cases, targeted immunotherapy administered via injection or under the tongue can be a long-term solution, helping your dog gradually build tolerance to specific allergens. If infection is present, it will need to be treated appropriately with antibiotics or antifungals.
Other
Keeping up-to-date on broad-spectrum parasite prevention is important for all dogs with allergies. Any contributing underlying health issues will need to be managed appropriately. In the case of food allergies, your dog may need to continue eating a hypoallergenic novel ingredient or a hydrolyzed protein diet.
At-Home Care for Winter Allergies in Dogs
Simple changes at home can go a long way in alleviating winter allergies and ensuring your dog remains comfortable:
- Home Environment Tips: Minimizing indoor allergens is crucial. Use air purifiers to filter out airborne allergens, and regularly wash your dog’s bedding. Vacuuming frequently can also reduce dust and dander buildup, which are common triggers for winter allergies.
- Humidifiers: Dry indoor air can irritate your dog’s skin. Running a humidifier can help maintain moisture in the air, preventing skin from drying out and reducing the risk of itchy patches.
- Winter-Specific Grooming: Brushing your dog regularly helps distribute natural oils, keeping their skin moisturized. Applying a canine-specific gentle moisturizer or a leave-in conditioner after bathing can also help lock in hydration, preventing dry skin flare-ups during the colder months. If you live in snowy areas, consider winter gear, such as jackets and booties, to protect sensitive skin from the elements.
When to See a Veterinarian
While at-home care can significantly reduce symptoms, certain cases require professional intervention. If your dog’s itching persists despite treatment, or if they develop skin infections or respiratory issues, schedule a vet appointment.
Chronic allergies, if left untreated, can lead to secondary health problems like skin infections or respiratory complications, making timely intervention essential. Additionally, symptoms are likely to persist or recur until the underlying issue is identified and treated. In many cases, ongoing treatments may be needed.
Final Thoughts on Winter Allergies in Dogs
Winter allergies in dogs can be challenging, but with the right knowledge and care, you can help your dog manage these symptoms and enjoy the colder season comfortably. By staying vigilant about symptoms and consulting a veterinarian when necessary, you can ensure your furry friend stays healthy and itch-free all winter long. Monitoring their environment, keeping allergens at bay, and providing appropriate treatment can make a significant difference, improving their quality of life through every season.
Winter allergies might be uncomfortable for dogs, but your proactive approach and attention to their well-being can make all the difference.
Sources
https://wagwalking.com/condition/winter-season-allergies
https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4952662
https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951475
https://www.merckvetmanual.com/dog-owners/skin-disorders-of-dogs/allergies-in-dogs
