What Causes Constipation in Dogs?

Quick takeaway: There can be a variety of reasons behind a bout of constipation in dogs, from dehydration to lack of dietary fiber. What makes one dog constipated may have no effect on another. Identifying the reason(s) for constipation is the first step in selecting the right remedy.

Dog constipation is one of those issues that can stress out the most diligent pet parent. In this article, we share common causes and symptoms of canine constipation, along with how and when to treat it at home. As always, it’s best to check with your veterinarian if you have any concerns or if your dog’s constipation lasts beyond 48 hours.  

Common Causes of Canine Constipation

• Dehydration: Like people, dogs need fresh, clean water year-round, especially in the warmer and colder months. When dogs are dehydrated, their stool may become hard and difficult to pass. 

• Lack of Dietary Fiber:  If your dog’s diet is not providing enough fiber, they may become constipated. If lack of fiber is a concern, consider boosting the fiber in your dog’s diet. 

• Sedentary Lifestyle: Dogs who don’t get enough exercise or movement often suffer from constipation. Incorporating movement, walks, and general physical activity into your dog’s daily routine can make a difference. 

• Ingestion of Foreign Objects: Dogs ingest the strangest things, from toys to socks, hair to dirt and rocks. Since dogs interact with the world through their eyes, nose, and mouth, be mindful of signs that your dog may have swallowed something inappropriate.  

Medications: Certain medications can cause constipation as a side effect. Things like antihistamines, pain relievers, iron supplements, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) can slow gut movement in dogs.  

• Medical Conditions: Dogs with anal gland issues, an enlarged prostate, or neurological issues, to name a few, may experience bouts of constipation. 

Stress: Dogs under stress may have increased cortisol and other stress hormones. When cortisol is elevated, bowel movements may slow, making it harder for your dog to defecate. Talk to your veterinarian about testing your dog’s cortisol level.

Why Do Some Dogs Get Constipated, When Others Don’t? 

Many different factors can contribute to constipation in dogs, and just like humans, no two pups are exactly the same.

Things like age, hydration levels, activity, diet, and even stress can all play a role in how smoothly the digestive system functions. Some dogs may be more sensitive to changes in routine or diet, while others may have a naturally slower digestive rhythm. Breed, size, and individual lifestyle can also affect how often a dog goes, and how easily.

If constipation becomes a regular issue, it’s always a good idea to check in with your vet to help rule out anything more serious.

I’m Not Sure What’s Causing My Dog’s Constipation, What Should I Do?

Understanding the cause of your dog’s constipation is essential to better equip yourself to get things moving again in your dog’s gut.  If you’re in any doubt about the reason for your dog’s constipation, and you are unsure how to help your pup achieve a normal bowel movement, it’s time to call the vet. According to Veterinary Practice News, gastric issues like constipation are one of the top reasons people take their dogs to the veterinarian.

Conclusion: Helping Your Dog Feel Better, Faster

While it might be tempting to try and help your dog at home, it’s really important to contact your vet and seek their assistance if your dog starts showing signs of ongoing constipation. Constipation can be a symptom of a more serious underlying issue, so if it isn’t immediately obvious what’s causing your dog’s digestive issues and they appear to be in significant discomfort, it’s important to contact the vet as soon as possible for support.

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