While any breed of dog can develop dental disease, Chihuahuas are at a higher risk than other dogs. It’s not that Chihuahua teeth are necessarily bad. The Chihuahua mouth is structured in a way that’s favorable to excessive plaque and tartar buildup. Coupled with a longer-than-average lifespan, this allows more time for teeth problems to develop.
Here we provide key things to know about keeping this loveable breed’s teeth — and ultimately overall health — in top shape. Just make sure to always rely on your veterinarian for guidance.
How Many Teeth Do Chihuahuas Have?
Chihuahuas — like all adult dogs — have 42 teeth: 20 on the top jaw and 22 on the bottom. Chihuahuas also have the same types and positioning of teeth as other breeds. This includes 12 incisors, 4 canines, 16 premolars, and 10 molars.
The difference is that Chihuahuas must fit all 42 of their disproportionately larger teeth into a smaller mouth. This gives the illusion that they have more teeth than they do.
Do Chihuahuas Have Bad Teeth?
It’s not that Chihuahua teeth are worse than that of any other breed. “They are more likely to develop dental problems because their mouths are smaller and their teeth are more crowded than other dog breeds,” explains Dr. Jerry Klein, chief veterinarian at the American Kennel Club.
Overcrowding makes it easier for plaque and tartar to accumulate and get stuck between the teeth and gums.
Contributing to this scenario is the Chihuahua’s longer lifespan, which averages between 15 and 18 years. “Their longer lifespan means they have more time to develop dental problems if care isn’t prioritized,” says Dr. Lisa Lippman, director of Virtual Medicine at Bond Vet.
Common Chihuahua Teeth Problems
Here are some of the most common Chihuahua teeth problems to watch for. Keep in mind that not all dogs will be affected the same way.
Plaque and Tartar Buildup
Plaque consists of a thin coat of bacteria, food, and saliva that hardens into tartar (the brownish substance around your dog’s gums) when it’s not properly removed. While all dog breeds are subject to plaque and tartar buildup, it’s more pronounced in smaller dogs, including the Chihuahua. “The crowded placement of the teeth can allow easier development and accumulation of plaque and tartar leading to teeth and periodontal/gum issues,” says Dr. Klein.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a milder form of reversible gum disease that develops when plaque accumulates on the teeth and seeps below the gumline. The tartar that amasses causes the gums to become inflamed and irritated. In its advanced stages, gingivitis results in signs like bad breath, tooth decay, inflamed gums, and drooling.
Gingivitis can turn into a more serious form of periodontal disease if it’s not corrected.
Advanced Periodontal Disease (Periodontitis)
While any dog can develop periodontal disease (in fact, it affects up to 80 percent of adult dogs), it’s more prominent in smaller dogs. In an analysis of more than three million veterinary records of 60 dog breeds, extra-small dogs — including Chihuahuas — were up to five times more likely to be diagnosed with periodontal disease than their giant breed counterparts.
Unlike gingivitis, periodontal disease is irreversible, and it affects the teeth and bone, as well as the gums. It can result in gum infections, bone and tooth loss, and pain. Periodontal disease is also linked to heart, liver, and kidney disease.
Overcrowded Teeth
Although the Chihuahua mouth is small, it must accommodate 42 disproportionately larger teeth. This causes the teeth to become overcrowded.
“Overcrowding can cause damage to the enamel, poor adherence of the gums to the tooth, and food being trapped between teeth. These factors can lead to tartar build up followed by tooth root, gum, and bone damage,” says Dr. Amber Karwacki, a partner doctor with Heart + Paw at their Callowhill location in Philadelphia.
Retained Puppy Teeth
When puppy teeth fail to fall out after the permanent ones have erupted, it sets the stage for Chihuahua teeth to become misaligned and overcrowded. This environment makes it easier for plaque and tartar to accumulate.
Can Chihuahuas Live With No Teeth?
Rest assured, a Chihuahua with no teeth can live a long, healthy life. In fact, veterinarians say not removing a Chihuahua’s bad teeth can be detrimental to their health.
“Your dog’s lifespan could be shortened if they don’t have an infected tooth removed, when necessary,” says Dr. Klein. “Severe dental and periodontal disease can lead to other serious health problems, such as heart and kidney issues.”
If your Chihuahua needs to have teeth extracted, they’ll need to be kept on a soft diet for the first 10 to 14 days to allow the gums to heal, says Dr. Karwacki. “Once the gums have healed, your Chihuahua should be able to eat any food without problems,” she says.
You’ll need to monitor your Chihuahua as they heal, and your veterinarian may recommend other adjustments to their diet.
At-Home Chihuahua Teeth Cleaning
Brushing is central to preventing chihuahua teeth problems. Veterinarians recommend brushing Chihuahua teeth at least 3 times per week, although this can vary based on what your veterinarian advises. Ideally, you should brush your Chihuahua’s teeth daily.
Start With the Right Tools
You can opt to use a toothbrush made for dogs (veterinarians say a soft child’s toothbrush can work, too) or a finger brush. “Many owners start with finger brushes, which is a brush mounted on a rubber guard that slips over the finger,” says Dr. Klein.
It’s imperative to use toothpaste formulated specially for dogs. “NEVER use human toothpaste on a dog as it often contains products such as artificial sweeteners that may be toxic to your dog,” says Dr. Klein. Fortunately, “Canine toothpastes also come in many flavors which your dog may like,” he adds. Human toothpaste is also not meant to be swallowed. While humans can easily spit it out into the sick, dogs don’t have that ability.
Dr. Klein says that rubber gloves are especially important when using a finger brush to protect your hands from bacteria and saliva. “Always wash hands thoroughly after brushing a dog’s teeth,” he adds.
Prepare Your Chihuahua for Brushing
Brushing any dog’s teeth is admittedly not an easy (or favorite) task for any pet parent. “Most dogs, especially at first, won’t understand why you’re trying to stick your finger or a brush into their mouths,” says Dr. Klein. He recommends starting slowly and gently getting your pup accustomed to being touched near the mouth. “It will take a little time and sometimes treats to get them used to the feeling.”
“Start with a few teeth at a time to get your dog used to brushing,” offers Dr. Karwacki. “As they become more accepting of having their teeth brushed you can brush more teeth at a time until you can brush all the teeth at once.”
How to Brush Chihuahua Teeth
Once you’re ready to start brushing, place the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle against the teeth. Then using a circular motion, brush the front, sides, and behind the teeth. “Unlike humans, you only need to brush the outside of your dog’s teeth,” says Dr. Klein.
He recommends spending about 30 seconds to a minute on each side, though this can vary. “Your time spent may vary depending on how cooperative your dog is, but there’s no reason to brush for more than a couple of minutes overall,” says Dr. Klein.
Don’t forget about your Chihuahua’s gums. “Gently brushing the gums above the teeth can also help prevent gum disease,” says Dr. Klein.
Professional Chihuahua Teeth Cleanings
A Chihuahua teeth cleaning performed by a veterinarian is important to good dental health. “A professional dental cleaning involves scaling the tartar from the teeth, polishing the teeth, and checking for gum and tooth damage just like your dentist would,” says Dr. Karwacki. “If there are damaged teeth, your veterinarian will recommend removing the tooth to prevent damage to the jawbone.”
The cost of a Chihuahua teeth cleaning varies by location and the complexity of the procedure, though they typically can run from about $300 dollars to more than $1,000 dollars.
If your pet insurance policy doesn’t extend coverage to teeth cleanings, ask the company or your veterinarian if they offer a pet wellness plan. These plans are often designed to provide coverage for preventative treatments, including teeth cleaning.
Caring for Your Chihuahua’s Teeth: Other Tips
Regularly brushing your dog’s teeth and keeping annual veterinary teeth cleaning appointments are considered the gold standard for maintaining good dental health. There are, however, some other things you can do in addition, to keep your Chihuahua’s teeth strong and healthy.
Keep Veterinary Appointments
Dental health is a critical part of overall Chihuahua health, says Dr. Lippman. “Regular dental care can prevent pain, infections, and other serious health issues,” she says. “Pet parents should be proactive about their dog’s dental hygiene and work closely with their veterinarian to ensure their Chihuahua maintains a healthy mouth throughout their life.”
Start Good Habits Early
Chihuahuas are more prone to dental disease, so it’s important to start caring for your dog’s teeth during puppyhood. “Dental health should be made a priority when they are younger or they will be plagued with dental issues when they are older,” says Dr. Karwacki.
Feed a Healthy Diet that Supports Dental Health
Ask your veterinarian about the best diet for your Chihuahua. “Diets should be designated as “complete and balanced” by AAFCO (American Association of Feed Control Officials) and appropriate for their proper age group. In addition, small dogs should have food morsels sized to comfortably fit in their mouths,” says Dr. Klein. Your veterinarian may also recommend a prescription dental diet for your Chihuahua.
Consider Dental Treats
Dental treats can also help slow tartar buildup, says Dr. Karwacki. “Your veterinarian may also advise using prescription dental treats to help keep your Chihuahua’s teeth healthier.” She recommends against offering your dog hard bones and toys, “as they can cause broken teeth which need to be removed surgically.”
